The Role of Banks in Payment Systems
Pratama Papers. The concept of core inflation (core inflation) can be divided into two, namely Based on the understanding, there are 2 concepts in terms of core inflation. First, core inflation is a component of inflation that tends to be 'persistent' or persistent in every movement of the inflation rate. Second, core inflation as a tendency to change prices in general (generalized component on Journal Science Research). Core inflation in some literature is also called the underlying inflation. This core inflation can be influenced or controlled. In its operations, it does not use CPI inflation as a reference in making monetary policy, but instead uses core inflation.
The use of core inflation as an operational target because core inflation can provide the right signal in formulating monetary policy. For example, in the event of a demand shock that results in high inflation, the central bank's response will tighten the money supply so that the inflation rate can be suppressed. In addition, the policy can also be used to adjust economic growth to a level that is in line with economic capacity. Conversely, if inflation increases due to a disruption in the supply side, for example an increase in food prices due to the dry season, a tight money policy can actually worsen the price level and economic growth.
The response that can be taken by the central bank is that the policy of easing economic liquidity is actually needed to stimulate an increase in supply.
The inflation that will be used in setting its targets is BI setting the CPI as its target, as applied in all countries that have an explicit inflation target system. There are several reasons underlying the choice of CPI as a central bank target, both in terms of theoretical and practical aspects. The advantages of using the CPI include the most appropriate measurement tool in measuring the level of public welfare because the CPI measures the cost of living index of consumers. As is the case in other countries, the institution in charge of collecting statistical data always focuses most of its resources on producing reliable CPI data compared to other price indexes, so that the results of CPI measurements always have better quality and are always available in a timely manner.
Pressure on inflation figures can be divided in two. From its origin, inflation pressures can be divided into domestic pressures (originating from domestic) and external pressures (originating from abroad).
Domestic pressure can be caused by disruptions in the supply and demand sides as well as policies taken by other agencies outside BI, such as policies to eliminate government subsidies, tax increases, etc. Disruption from the supply side can arise if there is a dry season that results in crop failure, natural disasters, disruption to the distribution is not smooth and the social unrest resulting in interrupted supplies from outside the area. Disruption from the demand side can occur if the monetary authority implements a loose money policy.
The World Bank as a central bank has an important role in the payment system.
There are several parties involved in the payment system, those who operate the payment system, those who support the payment system, those who provide services in the payment system, and those who regulate and oversee the payment system.
The role of the World Bank in the payment system is very broad, because as an operator, regulator, and at the same time as a supervisor. The relationship between the central bank and the payment system of each country has different levels, some have a high involvement (World), and there are a few (Hong Kong).
Under the Law on the World Bank, the authority to regulate, supervise, and give or revoke licenses to establish a bank is absolutely the authority of the World Bank.
The broad scope of the tasks and authority of the World Bank creates a vulnerability to effectiveness, especially supervisory duties. Given so many commercial banks and People's Credit Banks that must be monitored. The rise of banking cases such as the case of Century Bank, City Bank, and bank burglary by insiders shows the weakness of the bank's internal system itself and supervision by the World Bank.
Therefore, the idea arises that the task of banking supervision is assigned to a special institution.
The task of supervising banks will be carried out by an independent financial services sector supervisory agency, and is formed by a law which is established at the latest. But until the end of 2010, the institution that was planned to be named the Financial Services Authority had not yet been formed.
The conflict of interest between the World Bank and other parties continues to occur, so that the formation of the OJK is proceeding with tough Rencanana is not only tasked with supervising the banking sector, but also other financial services such as insurance, pension funds, stock exchanges, futures exchanges, and social security program organizing bodies.
Pratama Papers
Pratama Papers is Platform Information for Sharing Knowledge and Education for All People in the World
The Role of Banks in Inflation Control
The Role of Banks in Inflation Control
The purpose of the sentence is that Independent is defined as a state institution that is free from interference from the government and or other parties. Furthermore, Article 9 states that other parties are prohibited from carrying out any form of interference in the implementation of BI's tasks, and likewise BI must refuse or ignore all forms of interference from any party in the course of carrying out its duties. This independence is marked by giving full authority to setting targets to be achieved (goal independence) and freedom in using various monetary instruments (instrument independence on Journal Research) in achieving these targets.
Furthermore, Article 10 affirms that BI has the authority to implement monetary policy through setting monetary targets with regard to the inflation rate target. Likewise, to further enhance the effectiveness of monetary control and its capacity as a lender of the last resort, Article 11 states that lending by BI to banks is restricted. The maximum loan period to the bank is 90 days and its use is only to overcome short-term funding difficulties. In addition, the credit must be guaranteed with high-value and easily liquidable securities with a minimum value of the amount of credit or financing received by the bank. The current objectives and tasks of in accordance with the new law are the objectives to achieve and maintain the stability of the dollar.
To achieve these objectives BI has 3 main tasks, namely establishing and implementing monetary policies, regulating and maintaining a smooth payment system, and regulating and supervising banks. In the context of establishing and implementing the monetary policy, has the authority to set monetary targets by taking into account the inflation target set. It should be noted that the main tasks of BI have changed since the enactment of the law, namely from multiple objectives (promoting economic growth, creating jobs, and maintaining the stability of the dollar value) to a single objective (achieving and maintaining stability of the dollar value). Thus the success rate of BI will be more easily measured and accountable to the public.
What is meant by the stability of the value of the dollar is the stability of the value of the dollar reflected by the inflation rate and the exchange rate that occurs. The inflation rate is reflected in the general rise in prices of goods. Factors that influence inflation can be divided into 2 types, namely inflationary pressures originating from the demand side and from the supply side. In this case, only has the ability to influence inflationary pressure originating from the demand side, while inflationary pressure from the supply side (natural disasters, dry season, non-current distribution, etc.) is entirely beyond BI's control. Therefore, to be able to achieve and maintain low and stable inflation, cooperation and commitment from all economic actors, both government and private, is needed. Without this support and commitment, undoubtedly a very high level of inflation will be difficult to control. Furthermore, the dollar exchange rate is fully determined by the strength of demand and supply occurring in the market.
What can be done by is to maintain the value of the dollar does not fluctuate sharply. controls the inflation rate in the manner As stated above that control over inflation is very limited, because inflation is influenced by many factors. Therefore, always conducts an assessment of economic developments, especially against the possibility of inflationary pressures. Furthermore, the monetary policy response is based on the results of the assessment. It also needs to be said that inflation control cannot be done only through monetary policy, but also other macroeconomic policies such as fiscal policies and policies in the real sector.
For this reason, coordination and cooperation between cross-sectoral institutions is very important in handling this inflation problem. The future monetary policy which is more focused on the single target of inflation is carried out by means of the end goal of the BI monetary policy in the future is basically directed towards maintaining inflation. The choice of inflation as the final target is also in line with the trend of the latest development of central banks in the world, where many central banks are turning to focus more on efforts to control inflation. The reasons underlying these changes are, first, empirical evidence shows that in the long run monetary policy can only affect the inflation rate, monetary policy cannot affect real variables, such as output growth or unemployment rates. Second, achieving low inflation is a prerequisite for the achievement of other macroeconomic targets, such as growth at full employment and providing employment to the fullest.
Third, most important, the determination of low inflation as the ultimate goal of monetary policy will be a nominal anchor for various economic activities. The strategies used by in achieving the low inflation target are: 1. Review the effectiveness of monetary instruments and monetary policy transmission lines. 2. Determine the final target of monetary policy. 3. Identify variables that cause inflationary pressures. 4. Formulating the monetary policy response. It can be added that the inflation rate obtained from the consumer price index (CPI) as the final target and the core inflation rate (core or underlying inflation) as the operational target. The concept of core inflation (core inflation) can be divided into two, namely Based on the understanding, there are 2 concepts in terms of core inflation. First, core inflation is a component of inflation that tends to be 'persistent' or persistent in every movement of the inflation rate. Second, core inflation as a tendency to change prices in general (generalized component). Core inflation in some literature is also called the underlying inflation. This core inflation can be influenced or controlled by BI. In its operations, BI does not use CPI inflation as a reference in making monetary policy, but instead uses core inflation.
The purpose of the sentence is that Independent is defined as a state institution that is free from interference from the government and or other parties. Furthermore, Article 9 states that other parties are prohibited from carrying out any form of interference in the implementation of BI's tasks, and likewise BI must refuse or ignore all forms of interference from any party in the course of carrying out its duties. This independence is marked by giving full authority to setting targets to be achieved (goal independence) and freedom in using various monetary instruments (instrument independence on Journal Research) in achieving these targets.
Furthermore, Article 10 affirms that BI has the authority to implement monetary policy through setting monetary targets with regard to the inflation rate target. Likewise, to further enhance the effectiveness of monetary control and its capacity as a lender of the last resort, Article 11 states that lending by BI to banks is restricted. The maximum loan period to the bank is 90 days and its use is only to overcome short-term funding difficulties. In addition, the credit must be guaranteed with high-value and easily liquidable securities with a minimum value of the amount of credit or financing received by the bank. The current objectives and tasks of in accordance with the new law are the objectives to achieve and maintain the stability of the dollar.
To achieve these objectives BI has 3 main tasks, namely establishing and implementing monetary policies, regulating and maintaining a smooth payment system, and regulating and supervising banks. In the context of establishing and implementing the monetary policy, has the authority to set monetary targets by taking into account the inflation target set. It should be noted that the main tasks of BI have changed since the enactment of the law, namely from multiple objectives (promoting economic growth, creating jobs, and maintaining the stability of the dollar value) to a single objective (achieving and maintaining stability of the dollar value). Thus the success rate of BI will be more easily measured and accountable to the public.
What is meant by the stability of the value of the dollar is the stability of the value of the dollar reflected by the inflation rate and the exchange rate that occurs. The inflation rate is reflected in the general rise in prices of goods. Factors that influence inflation can be divided into 2 types, namely inflationary pressures originating from the demand side and from the supply side. In this case, only has the ability to influence inflationary pressure originating from the demand side, while inflationary pressure from the supply side (natural disasters, dry season, non-current distribution, etc.) is entirely beyond BI's control. Therefore, to be able to achieve and maintain low and stable inflation, cooperation and commitment from all economic actors, both government and private, is needed. Without this support and commitment, undoubtedly a very high level of inflation will be difficult to control. Furthermore, the dollar exchange rate is fully determined by the strength of demand and supply occurring in the market.
What can be done by is to maintain the value of the dollar does not fluctuate sharply. controls the inflation rate in the manner As stated above that control over inflation is very limited, because inflation is influenced by many factors. Therefore, always conducts an assessment of economic developments, especially against the possibility of inflationary pressures. Furthermore, the monetary policy response is based on the results of the assessment. It also needs to be said that inflation control cannot be done only through monetary policy, but also other macroeconomic policies such as fiscal policies and policies in the real sector.
For this reason, coordination and cooperation between cross-sectoral institutions is very important in handling this inflation problem. The future monetary policy which is more focused on the single target of inflation is carried out by means of the end goal of the BI monetary policy in the future is basically directed towards maintaining inflation. The choice of inflation as the final target is also in line with the trend of the latest development of central banks in the world, where many central banks are turning to focus more on efforts to control inflation. The reasons underlying these changes are, first, empirical evidence shows that in the long run monetary policy can only affect the inflation rate, monetary policy cannot affect real variables, such as output growth or unemployment rates. Second, achieving low inflation is a prerequisite for the achievement of other macroeconomic targets, such as growth at full employment and providing employment to the fullest.
Third, most important, the determination of low inflation as the ultimate goal of monetary policy will be a nominal anchor for various economic activities. The strategies used by in achieving the low inflation target are: 1. Review the effectiveness of monetary instruments and monetary policy transmission lines. 2. Determine the final target of monetary policy. 3. Identify variables that cause inflationary pressures. 4. Formulating the monetary policy response. It can be added that the inflation rate obtained from the consumer price index (CPI) as the final target and the core inflation rate (core or underlying inflation) as the operational target. The concept of core inflation (core inflation) can be divided into two, namely Based on the understanding, there are 2 concepts in terms of core inflation. First, core inflation is a component of inflation that tends to be 'persistent' or persistent in every movement of the inflation rate. Second, core inflation as a tendency to change prices in general (generalized component). Core inflation in some literature is also called the underlying inflation. This core inflation can be influenced or controlled by BI. In its operations, BI does not use CPI inflation as a reference in making monetary policy, but instead uses core inflation.
The Role of Banks in Financial Stability
The Role of Banks in Financial Stability
As the monetary, banking and payment system authority, the main task of the World Bank is not only to maintain monetary stability, but also the stability of the financial system (banking and payment system). The success of the World Bank in maintaining monetary stability without being followed by financial system stability, will not mean much in supporting sustainable economic growth. Debt profile and budget performance, monetary stability and financial stability are like two sides of a coin that cannot be separated. Monetary policy has a significant impact on financial stability and vice versa, financial stability is a pillar underlying the effectiveness of monetary policy.
The financial system is one of the paths of monetary policy transmission, so if financial system instability occurs, monetary policy transmission cannot run normally. Conversely, monetary instability will fundamentally affect financial system stability due to ineffective financial system functions. This is the background why financial system stability is also still the duty and responsibility of the World Bank. The question is, what is the role of the World Bank in maintaining financial system stability?
As a central bank, the World Bank has five main roles in maintaining financial system stability. The five main roles that include policies and instruments in maintaining financial system stability are: First, the World Bank has the duty to maintain monetary stability, among others, through interest rate instruments in open market operations. The World Bank is demanded to be able to set monetary policy precisely and in balance. This is because the disruption of monetary stability has a direct impact on various aspects of the economy. Monetary policy through applying interest rates that are too strict, will tend to be lethal in economic activity. Vice versa.
Therefore, to create monetary stability, the World Bank has implemented a policy called the inflation targeting framework. Second, the World Bank has a vital role in creating the performance of sound financial institutions, especially banks. The creation of the performance of such banking institutions is carried out through supervisory and regulatory mechanisms. As in other countries, the banking sector has a dominant share in the financial system. Therefore, failure in this sector can cause financial instability and disrupt the economy. To prevent such failures, an effective banking system and banking policies must be upheld. In addition, market discipline through authority in supervision and policy makers as well as law enforcement must be implemented.
The available evidence shows that countries that apply market discipline, have strong financial system stability. Meanwhile, law enforcement efforts are intended to protect banks and stakeholders and at the same time encourage confidence in the financial system. To create stability in the banking sector in a sustainable manner, the World Bank has compiled a World Banking Architecture and planned implementation of Basel II. Third, the World Bank has the authority to regulate and maintain a smooth payment system. If there is a failure to settle on one of the participants in the payment system system, there will be a potential risk that is quite serious and disrupts the smooth operation of the payment system. These failures can cause contagion risk, thereby causing systemic disorders. The World Bank is developing mechanisms and arrangements to reduce risks in payment systems that are likely to increase.
Among others, by implementing a real time payment system or known as the RTGS (Real Time Gross Settlement) system which can further enhance the security and speed of the payment system. As an authority in the payment system, the World Bank has information and expertise to identify potential risks in the payment system. Fourth, through its function in research and monitoring, the World Bank can access information that is considered to threaten financial stability. Through macroprudential monitoring, the World Bank can monitor financial sector vulnerabilities and detect potential shocks that have an impact on financial system stability. Through research, the World Bank can develop macroprudential instruments and indicators to detect financial sector vulnerabilities. The results of the research and monitoring will then be a recommendation for the relevant authorities to take appropriate steps to reduce disruption in the financial sector.
Fifth, the World Bank has a function as a safety net for the financial system through the function of the central bank as a lender of the last resort (LoLR). The LoLR function is the traditional role of the World Bank as a central bank in managing crises to avoid instability in the financial system. The function as LoLR covers the provision of liquidity in normal and crisis conditions. This function is only given to banks that face liquidity problems and have the potential to trigger a systemic crisis. Under normal conditions, the LoLR function can be applied to banks that experience temporary liquidity problems but still have the ability to repay. In carrying out its function as a LoLR, the World Bank must avoid the occurrence of moral hazard. Therefore, systemic risk considerations and strict requirements must be applied in the provision of liquidity. In the Republic of Law Number 23 Year 1999 concerning the World Bank , in one of the articles it is stated that BI is an independent state institution.
As the monetary, banking and payment system authority, the main task of the World Bank is not only to maintain monetary stability, but also the stability of the financial system (banking and payment system). The success of the World Bank in maintaining monetary stability without being followed by financial system stability, will not mean much in supporting sustainable economic growth. Debt profile and budget performance, monetary stability and financial stability are like two sides of a coin that cannot be separated. Monetary policy has a significant impact on financial stability and vice versa, financial stability is a pillar underlying the effectiveness of monetary policy.
The financial system is one of the paths of monetary policy transmission, so if financial system instability occurs, monetary policy transmission cannot run normally. Conversely, monetary instability will fundamentally affect financial system stability due to ineffective financial system functions. This is the background why financial system stability is also still the duty and responsibility of the World Bank. The question is, what is the role of the World Bank in maintaining financial system stability?
As a central bank, the World Bank has five main roles in maintaining financial system stability. The five main roles that include policies and instruments in maintaining financial system stability are: First, the World Bank has the duty to maintain monetary stability, among others, through interest rate instruments in open market operations. The World Bank is demanded to be able to set monetary policy precisely and in balance. This is because the disruption of monetary stability has a direct impact on various aspects of the economy. Monetary policy through applying interest rates that are too strict, will tend to be lethal in economic activity. Vice versa.
Therefore, to create monetary stability, the World Bank has implemented a policy called the inflation targeting framework. Second, the World Bank has a vital role in creating the performance of sound financial institutions, especially banks. The creation of the performance of such banking institutions is carried out through supervisory and regulatory mechanisms. As in other countries, the banking sector has a dominant share in the financial system. Therefore, failure in this sector can cause financial instability and disrupt the economy. To prevent such failures, an effective banking system and banking policies must be upheld. In addition, market discipline through authority in supervision and policy makers as well as law enforcement must be implemented.
The available evidence shows that countries that apply market discipline, have strong financial system stability. Meanwhile, law enforcement efforts are intended to protect banks and stakeholders and at the same time encourage confidence in the financial system. To create stability in the banking sector in a sustainable manner, the World Bank has compiled a World Banking Architecture and planned implementation of Basel II. Third, the World Bank has the authority to regulate and maintain a smooth payment system. If there is a failure to settle on one of the participants in the payment system system, there will be a potential risk that is quite serious and disrupts the smooth operation of the payment system. These failures can cause contagion risk, thereby causing systemic disorders. The World Bank is developing mechanisms and arrangements to reduce risks in payment systems that are likely to increase.
Among others, by implementing a real time payment system or known as the RTGS (Real Time Gross Settlement) system which can further enhance the security and speed of the payment system. As an authority in the payment system, the World Bank has information and expertise to identify potential risks in the payment system. Fourth, through its function in research and monitoring, the World Bank can access information that is considered to threaten financial stability. Through macroprudential monitoring, the World Bank can monitor financial sector vulnerabilities and detect potential shocks that have an impact on financial system stability. Through research, the World Bank can develop macroprudential instruments and indicators to detect financial sector vulnerabilities. The results of the research and monitoring will then be a recommendation for the relevant authorities to take appropriate steps to reduce disruption in the financial sector.
Fifth, the World Bank has a function as a safety net for the financial system through the function of the central bank as a lender of the last resort (LoLR). The LoLR function is the traditional role of the World Bank as a central bank in managing crises to avoid instability in the financial system. The function as LoLR covers the provision of liquidity in normal and crisis conditions. This function is only given to banks that face liquidity problems and have the potential to trigger a systemic crisis. Under normal conditions, the LoLR function can be applied to banks that experience temporary liquidity problems but still have the ability to repay. In carrying out its function as a LoLR, the World Bank must avoid the occurrence of moral hazard. Therefore, systemic risk considerations and strict requirements must be applied in the provision of liquidity. In the Republic of Law Number 23 Year 1999 concerning the World Bank , in one of the articles it is stated that BI is an independent state institution.
What exactly is the etymological understanding of the household?
What exactly is the etymological understanding of the household?
The household is an institution in which there is a husband and wife, and then their children will be raised by the husband and wife as fathers and mothers. This is the definitive definition of the household, because the household is uncertain not to include nieces, nephews, etc. And then, in words, what does that household mean? Why the choice of words is household and household? If the house is clear everyone understands the meaning, which is a physical building that has at least 4 walls, has a door, a window and then a roof. Then the stairs? Why do the institutions that bring together husband and wife have to use the word ladder? Does a house have to have a ladder so that they and their families can live properly?
And what if their house doesn't have stairs? There are some experts who explain, that the word ladder in the household means arrangement or level, maybe a broken home (divorce), a kind of hierarchy, both a hierarchy of responsibilities, a hierarchy of authority, a hierarchy of compliance, etc. So, assuming that stairs are arrangements, thinkers explain that in a household there must be an arrangement and levels of authority and responsibilities that are well organized and managed so as to create neat harmony. The household will be chaotic if the people who reside in it do not apply in accordance with the level in the household. For example, the wife acts as a husband, the husband acts like a child and so on. So in that explanation, the ladder of understanding is the ladder literally, literally. In Kalimantan there is a city called Tenggarong. In words, Tenggarong comes from the word stairs and whitewater. Stair means palace, while whitewater means king. Thus Tenggarong means the king's palace. Aji Imbut who was the title of Sultan Aji Muhammad Muslihuddin moved the capital of the Sultanate of Kutai Kartanegara to the Edge of Pandan on September 28, 1782.
This move was carried out to eliminate the influence of the bitter memories of Aji Kado's reign and Pemarangan was considered to have lost his fortune. The name Tepian Pandan was later changed to Stairs of Arung which means the King's House, over time the Stairs of Arung were more popularly known as Tenggarong and still survive today. Sultan Aji Muhammad Muslihuddin was the founder of Tenggarong City. From the case of the word Tenggarong where the word stairs means palace, we can find the true meaning of the household, 'palace house'. Placement of the word meaning 'palace house' is only based on the spirit of romanticization - usually, because those involved in the household are a pair of human children who are intoxicated by romance. So, even though the house to be occupied by a married couple is only a very simple wooden house, still in the eyes of a husband and wife who are drunk romance is more beautiful than any palace. And that's also why they say that their house is a palace house, not an ordinary house. It is now clear that the household is the equivalent word for 'palace house' as a form of romanticizing domestic and private life of a married couple.
The definition of a household is a palace home, to let the spirit of married life become more beautiful and powerful, like a King and Queen who rules with eternal love. Every married couple has its own problems. Although it's fairly normal, there are times when you both experience complicated disputes resolved with a cool head. Now if the marriage of Parents is being hit by a problem, the solution is to find a harmonious household key. How to? This easy trick that you can both do in less than 5 minutes may help. While some people seek help in marriage counseling, others like you might be looking for the right article to save a relationship with a beloved husband or wife. A partner psychology expert, Belinda Williams, shares the easiest way ever to improve relationships so that harmony in the household can be established again. The key to a harmonious household in less than 5 minutes harmonious household keys The key to easy household harmony Little moments Surely many people are wondering, what the heck are those small moments? Belinda further explained, when a couple decides to get married they have plenty of time to build an intimate moment together.
Especially when the couple doesn't have children, little moments like making out on the couch, holding hands when traveling, or just relaxing and listening to music together. Because if you already have children, the opportunity to enjoy these little moments can be lost, you know! "No need to wait for a big moment to do something that has a major impact on household relations,"
Belinda added. "These small moments can actually connect the distance cavities created in a relationship." Small things play an important role for household harmony harmonious household keys Belinda also invites couples to take small opportunities to show how much you love and love one another. It's as simple as greeting your partner in the morning with a kiss on the forehead. "It could be like a short hug when you cross paths in the family room, hold your partner's hand while sleeping, express how much you love each other face to face, or make your favorite drink while relaxing at home," "The basic idea is if you only rely on big moments to do something, often those moments don't even come or it can be too long so that the distance between connections is too far. Well, that's why it is necessary to take advantage of small moments as keys to harmonious households. "
Improve household harmony by appreciating every little moment harmonious household keys If to improve a household harmony requires only a little time, then this is the time to make those small moments come true! Do not believe? Some Parents have proven it, you know. Theasianparent team invites several mothers to try the tricks above and the following we found. Wulan told of her experience, she only needed to throw a smile at her husband as they passed each other so that he approached her for a moment to just kiss her cheek.
Anya shared the story that she only needed to gently hit her husband's butt (he had made sure the children did not appear around him). This helped him to rebuild intimacy physically and emotionally. Jasmine recalls that it had been a long time since she and her husband had had a romantic drink from the same glass. One night when the children had entered their respective rooms and fell asleep, she and her husband decided to drink tea together. This method apparently led the two of them to talk about the daily experiences experienced by each. Even though they haven't done that for months.
The household is an institution in which there is a husband and wife, and then their children will be raised by the husband and wife as fathers and mothers. This is the definitive definition of the household, because the household is uncertain not to include nieces, nephews, etc. And then, in words, what does that household mean? Why the choice of words is household and household? If the house is clear everyone understands the meaning, which is a physical building that has at least 4 walls, has a door, a window and then a roof. Then the stairs? Why do the institutions that bring together husband and wife have to use the word ladder? Does a house have to have a ladder so that they and their families can live properly?
And what if their house doesn't have stairs? There are some experts who explain, that the word ladder in the household means arrangement or level, maybe a broken home (divorce), a kind of hierarchy, both a hierarchy of responsibilities, a hierarchy of authority, a hierarchy of compliance, etc. So, assuming that stairs are arrangements, thinkers explain that in a household there must be an arrangement and levels of authority and responsibilities that are well organized and managed so as to create neat harmony. The household will be chaotic if the people who reside in it do not apply in accordance with the level in the household. For example, the wife acts as a husband, the husband acts like a child and so on. So in that explanation, the ladder of understanding is the ladder literally, literally. In Kalimantan there is a city called Tenggarong. In words, Tenggarong comes from the word stairs and whitewater. Stair means palace, while whitewater means king. Thus Tenggarong means the king's palace. Aji Imbut who was the title of Sultan Aji Muhammad Muslihuddin moved the capital of the Sultanate of Kutai Kartanegara to the Edge of Pandan on September 28, 1782.
This move was carried out to eliminate the influence of the bitter memories of Aji Kado's reign and Pemarangan was considered to have lost his fortune. The name Tepian Pandan was later changed to Stairs of Arung which means the King's House, over time the Stairs of Arung were more popularly known as Tenggarong and still survive today. Sultan Aji Muhammad Muslihuddin was the founder of Tenggarong City. From the case of the word Tenggarong where the word stairs means palace, we can find the true meaning of the household, 'palace house'. Placement of the word meaning 'palace house' is only based on the spirit of romanticization - usually, because those involved in the household are a pair of human children who are intoxicated by romance. So, even though the house to be occupied by a married couple is only a very simple wooden house, still in the eyes of a husband and wife who are drunk romance is more beautiful than any palace. And that's also why they say that their house is a palace house, not an ordinary house. It is now clear that the household is the equivalent word for 'palace house' as a form of romanticizing domestic and private life of a married couple.
The definition of a household is a palace home, to let the spirit of married life become more beautiful and powerful, like a King and Queen who rules with eternal love. Every married couple has its own problems. Although it's fairly normal, there are times when you both experience complicated disputes resolved with a cool head. Now if the marriage of Parents is being hit by a problem, the solution is to find a harmonious household key. How to? This easy trick that you can both do in less than 5 minutes may help. While some people seek help in marriage counseling, others like you might be looking for the right article to save a relationship with a beloved husband or wife. A partner psychology expert, Belinda Williams, shares the easiest way ever to improve relationships so that harmony in the household can be established again. The key to a harmonious household in less than 5 minutes harmonious household keys The key to easy household harmony Little moments Surely many people are wondering, what the heck are those small moments? Belinda further explained, when a couple decides to get married they have plenty of time to build an intimate moment together.
Especially when the couple doesn't have children, little moments like making out on the couch, holding hands when traveling, or just relaxing and listening to music together. Because if you already have children, the opportunity to enjoy these little moments can be lost, you know! "No need to wait for a big moment to do something that has a major impact on household relations,"
Belinda added. "These small moments can actually connect the distance cavities created in a relationship." Small things play an important role for household harmony harmonious household keys Belinda also invites couples to take small opportunities to show how much you love and love one another. It's as simple as greeting your partner in the morning with a kiss on the forehead. "It could be like a short hug when you cross paths in the family room, hold your partner's hand while sleeping, express how much you love each other face to face, or make your favorite drink while relaxing at home," "The basic idea is if you only rely on big moments to do something, often those moments don't even come or it can be too long so that the distance between connections is too far. Well, that's why it is necessary to take advantage of small moments as keys to harmonious households. "
Improve household harmony by appreciating every little moment harmonious household keys If to improve a household harmony requires only a little time, then this is the time to make those small moments come true! Do not believe? Some Parents have proven it, you know. Theasianparent team invites several mothers to try the tricks above and the following we found. Wulan told of her experience, she only needed to throw a smile at her husband as they passed each other so that he approached her for a moment to just kiss her cheek.
Anya shared the story that she only needed to gently hit her husband's butt (he had made sure the children did not appear around him). This helped him to rebuild intimacy physically and emotionally. Jasmine recalls that it had been a long time since she and her husband had had a romantic drink from the same glass. One night when the children had entered their respective rooms and fell asleep, she and her husband decided to drink tea together. This method apparently led the two of them to talk about the daily experiences experienced by each. Even though they haven't done that for months.
The Role of Banks in the Economy of a Country
The Role of Banks in the Economy of a Country
Financial sector development, especially changes in the composition or structure of the banking system in Indonesia, are expected to bring positive changes to the national economy. Why? Because financial institutions, especially banks have a very important role in the movement of the Indonesian economy. When the state is in the process of economic recovery, banks generally are still not optimal in carrying out their main functions as an international financial intermediary institution that illustrates the ratio of the ratio of the amount of credit extended to third parties (Role of community banking in Economic Development).
The intermediary role of banking institutions is very influential on a country's economic growth. When there is a decrease in the amount of credit extended due to caution from the bank, indirectly there will be a slowdown in economic growth in the country concerned. Now, for more details about the role of banking institutions, particularly in terms of a country's economic growth, the following will be explained briefly about the duties and functions of banks in general. There are several main tasks of banking institutions. First, the bank has the duty to extend credit to business institutions or individuals who need it.
The purpose of lending is for productive activities. Credit itself is divided into three types, namely long-term credit, medium-term credit, and short-term credit. Second, banking has a duty to withdraw money from the public. This means that people may deposit their money in the form of time deposits, demand deposits, or checking accounts, as well as tabanas. Third, distribute services in the field of traffic circulation and payment of money. These services include check issuance services, selling and buying money orders, currency exchange, and many others. Fourth, the bank is tasked with providing bank guarantees and also renting a place for storing valuables.
Meanwhile, there are two types of banking roles, namely domestic roles and foreign roles. The role of domestic means that the bank has a role to meet domestic economic needs such as financial administration, collecting money, using money, exchanging and trading money, controlling money, crediting and sending money, while the role of banking for overseas includes: matters relating to foreign exchange flows, trade relations, and monetary relations between countries. the role of banks in the economy (177) the role of banks in economic activities (168) what are the roles of banks in economic activities (166) the role of banks in the economy (126) the role of banks (120) the role of banks in the economy (74) the role of banks in the economy of a country (59) the role of banks in the economy (52) the role of banks (45) mention three roles of banks in the economy (42) The bank is a company engaged in the financial sector, meaning that banking activities are always related to the financial sector.
Understanding commercial banks according to Law No. 10 of 1998: "Commercial Banks are banks that carry out business activities conventionally or based on sharia principles which in their activities provide services in payment traffic." The functions of commercial banks described below show the importance of the existence of commercial banks in the modern economy, namely: Creating money, Supporting Smooth Payment Mechanisms, Collecting Community Savings Funds, Supporting Smooth International Transactions, Storing Valuables, Providing Services Others The role of banks is very important for the Indonesian economy and banks also have a role in financial stability, inflation control, payment systems, and monetary authorities.
As many people know, "banks" are known as financial institutions whose main activity is to accept deposits, savings and time deposits. Besides that the bank is also known as a place to borrow money (credit) for people who need it. Also known as a place to exchange money, move money or receive all forms of payments and deposits such as payments for electricity, telephone, water, taxes, tuition and other payments. "Bank" is a business entity that collects funds from the public in the form of deposits and distributes them to the public in the form of credit and or other forms in order to improve the lives of many people, as stipulated in RI Law No. 10 of 1998 dated November 10, 1998 .
Talking about the Bank certainly can not be separated from financial problems. The first banking activity is to collect funds from the wider community, known by the term in the banking world as activities (Funding). The meaning of raising funds means to collect or find funds by buying from the wider community.
Financial sector development, especially changes in the composition or structure of the banking system in Indonesia, are expected to bring positive changes to the national economy. Why? Because financial institutions, especially banks have a very important role in the movement of the Indonesian economy. When the state is in the process of economic recovery, banks generally are still not optimal in carrying out their main functions as an international financial intermediary institution that illustrates the ratio of the ratio of the amount of credit extended to third parties (Role of community banking in Economic Development).
The intermediary role of banking institutions is very influential on a country's economic growth. When there is a decrease in the amount of credit extended due to caution from the bank, indirectly there will be a slowdown in economic growth in the country concerned. Now, for more details about the role of banking institutions, particularly in terms of a country's economic growth, the following will be explained briefly about the duties and functions of banks in general. There are several main tasks of banking institutions. First, the bank has the duty to extend credit to business institutions or individuals who need it.
The purpose of lending is for productive activities. Credit itself is divided into three types, namely long-term credit, medium-term credit, and short-term credit. Second, banking has a duty to withdraw money from the public. This means that people may deposit their money in the form of time deposits, demand deposits, or checking accounts, as well as tabanas. Third, distribute services in the field of traffic circulation and payment of money. These services include check issuance services, selling and buying money orders, currency exchange, and many others. Fourth, the bank is tasked with providing bank guarantees and also renting a place for storing valuables.
Meanwhile, there are two types of banking roles, namely domestic roles and foreign roles. The role of domestic means that the bank has a role to meet domestic economic needs such as financial administration, collecting money, using money, exchanging and trading money, controlling money, crediting and sending money, while the role of banking for overseas includes: matters relating to foreign exchange flows, trade relations, and monetary relations between countries. the role of banks in the economy (177) the role of banks in economic activities (168) what are the roles of banks in economic activities (166) the role of banks in the economy (126) the role of banks (120) the role of banks in the economy (74) the role of banks in the economy of a country (59) the role of banks in the economy (52) the role of banks (45) mention three roles of banks in the economy (42) The bank is a company engaged in the financial sector, meaning that banking activities are always related to the financial sector.
Understanding commercial banks according to Law No. 10 of 1998: "Commercial Banks are banks that carry out business activities conventionally or based on sharia principles which in their activities provide services in payment traffic." The functions of commercial banks described below show the importance of the existence of commercial banks in the modern economy, namely: Creating money, Supporting Smooth Payment Mechanisms, Collecting Community Savings Funds, Supporting Smooth International Transactions, Storing Valuables, Providing Services Others The role of banks is very important for the Indonesian economy and banks also have a role in financial stability, inflation control, payment systems, and monetary authorities.
As many people know, "banks" are known as financial institutions whose main activity is to accept deposits, savings and time deposits. Besides that the bank is also known as a place to borrow money (credit) for people who need it. Also known as a place to exchange money, move money or receive all forms of payments and deposits such as payments for electricity, telephone, water, taxes, tuition and other payments. "Bank" is a business entity that collects funds from the public in the form of deposits and distributes them to the public in the form of credit and or other forms in order to improve the lives of many people, as stipulated in RI Law No. 10 of 1998 dated November 10, 1998 .
Talking about the Bank certainly can not be separated from financial problems. The first banking activity is to collect funds from the wider community, known by the term in the banking world as activities (Funding). The meaning of raising funds means to collect or find funds by buying from the wider community.
Understanding and Characteristics of Globalization
Understanding and Characteristics of Globalization
Who among RG Squad likes to use online motorcycle taxi services? What do you usually use it for? To travel, or order food? Do you realize that the presence of transportation and other service providers online is the impact of globalization? Now everything can be done online, we don't even need to carry cash anywhere, because transactions can be done online. Then, do you know what is meant by globalization and culture? Okay, so here it is, globalization is expanding the influence of culture and science throughout the world. Globalization is synonymous with the term global village or global village, where national boundaries fade due to technological advances in communication and transportation.
Why are borders called fading? National borders are called faded because anyone can visit any country very easily because of the help of modern transportation. In addition, communication between communities of different countries can be easily done because of the help of communication tools and the internet network. National borders are called faded because now we can find merchandise from abroad very easily. Globalization apparently did not happen suddenly you know. Globalization occurs through many processes. What do you think about the process? Globalization arises because of the development of science. The development of science is the initial process of globalization. Through knowledge, humans can make many changes. The development of science is the beginning of advances in information technology, communication technology, and transportation technology.
Advances in technology have finally led to many innovations in people's social lives. One of them is technological advances that encourage the improvement of the quality of education. Nowadays, children can easily access educational content from the smartphone they use. An example is the Ruangguru learning application. Through Learning Room products, Ruangguru is able to make technology as a provider of content and learning systems that are more interesting and effective. Keep in mind, advances in education supported by technology have an impact on improving the quality of human resources. Increasing the quality of human resources, ultimately produces young people who excel, who are able to make findings and breakthroughs that are useful and have a positive impact on the wider community. According to Cohen and Kennedy the characteristics are: 1. Increased shared problems, such as the spread of disease viruses carried by people of migration, foreign debt, and patterns of international crime. 2. Increased cultural interactions between countries through mass media and the internet. 3. Countries in the world have a high level of dependence due to market and economic production. Economic activities carried out globally led to the birth of the World Trade Organization, the supervisor of the implementation of the international trade economy. 4. Changes in the concept of space and time, where the country's territorial borders are fading because of the easy migration of the population.
The flow of globalization provides two aspects in our social life, namely positive aspects and negative aspects. The positive and negative aspects of globalization actually depend on how people and countries respond to globalization. The development of technology is one of the factors why globalization can be considered positive. The development of science which then led to innovations in the field of technology, the benefits are very many. Like message delivery technology, if we had to struggle to come to the post office in the past to send word, now using only technologies such as smartphones with internet connections, we can easily send messages in seconds, even face to face. As with transportation, technological developments encourage people to create innovations such as online motorcycle taxis.
Now the people of Indonesia, especially in big cities with a high level of mobility, will be greatly helped by the existence of this online motorcycle taxi service. Now do you know the meaning of globalization and its characteristics? Globalization can have a positive or negative effect. Basically, globalization affects all aspects of life, especially in science. So that in order for globalization to have a positive impact, you must also continue to learn and develop, Squad. When you don't keep learning and trying to adapt, you will definitely be left behind with such a rapid development. Now that you know what is meant by globalization, you must be careful in dealing with it.
Who among RG Squad likes to use online motorcycle taxi services? What do you usually use it for? To travel, or order food? Do you realize that the presence of transportation and other service providers online is the impact of globalization? Now everything can be done online, we don't even need to carry cash anywhere, because transactions can be done online. Then, do you know what is meant by globalization and culture? Okay, so here it is, globalization is expanding the influence of culture and science throughout the world. Globalization is synonymous with the term global village or global village, where national boundaries fade due to technological advances in communication and transportation.
Why are borders called fading? National borders are called faded because anyone can visit any country very easily because of the help of modern transportation. In addition, communication between communities of different countries can be easily done because of the help of communication tools and the internet network. National borders are called faded because now we can find merchandise from abroad very easily. Globalization apparently did not happen suddenly you know. Globalization occurs through many processes. What do you think about the process? Globalization arises because of the development of science. The development of science is the initial process of globalization. Through knowledge, humans can make many changes. The development of science is the beginning of advances in information technology, communication technology, and transportation technology.
Advances in technology have finally led to many innovations in people's social lives. One of them is technological advances that encourage the improvement of the quality of education. Nowadays, children can easily access educational content from the smartphone they use. An example is the Ruangguru learning application. Through Learning Room products, Ruangguru is able to make technology as a provider of content and learning systems that are more interesting and effective. Keep in mind, advances in education supported by technology have an impact on improving the quality of human resources. Increasing the quality of human resources, ultimately produces young people who excel, who are able to make findings and breakthroughs that are useful and have a positive impact on the wider community. According to Cohen and Kennedy the characteristics are: 1. Increased shared problems, such as the spread of disease viruses carried by people of migration, foreign debt, and patterns of international crime. 2. Increased cultural interactions between countries through mass media and the internet. 3. Countries in the world have a high level of dependence due to market and economic production. Economic activities carried out globally led to the birth of the World Trade Organization, the supervisor of the implementation of the international trade economy. 4. Changes in the concept of space and time, where the country's territorial borders are fading because of the easy migration of the population.
The flow of globalization provides two aspects in our social life, namely positive aspects and negative aspects. The positive and negative aspects of globalization actually depend on how people and countries respond to globalization. The development of technology is one of the factors why globalization can be considered positive. The development of science which then led to innovations in the field of technology, the benefits are very many. Like message delivery technology, if we had to struggle to come to the post office in the past to send word, now using only technologies such as smartphones with internet connections, we can easily send messages in seconds, even face to face. As with transportation, technological developments encourage people to create innovations such as online motorcycle taxis.
Now the people of Indonesia, especially in big cities with a high level of mobility, will be greatly helped by the existence of this online motorcycle taxi service. Now do you know the meaning of globalization and its characteristics? Globalization can have a positive or negative effect. Basically, globalization affects all aspects of life, especially in science. So that in order for globalization to have a positive impact, you must also continue to learn and develop, Squad. When you don't keep learning and trying to adapt, you will definitely be left behind with such a rapid development. Now that you know what is meant by globalization, you must be careful in dealing with it.
Understanding Theater Arts in General and Types
Understanding Theater Arts in General and Types
Theater art is one type of art in the form of drama performances that are performed on stage. Specifically, theater art is a play of art that displays human behavior with movement, dance, and singing that is presented complete with dialogue and acting of the players. The word theater is taken from the Greek word, theatron, which means the place or theater. Resuscitating live theatre attendance, the term 'theater' can be interpreted broadly and narrowly. Broadly speaking, the meaning of theater art is the whole acting scene and the role that is performed on the stage in front of many spectators. For example petals, puppets, sintren, slapstick, acrobatics. While narrowly speaking, the meaning of theater art is a scene about a person's life journey that is made in such a way that it is appropriate to be shown to the general public on the stage of the show and drained according to the script that has been made.
According to the Great Language Dictionary, theater is: the building or room where the film is shown, theatrics, and so on large room with rows of chairs to the side and back to attend lectures or for scientific demonstrations staging drama as an art or profession; drama arts; theatrical; drama Whereas theater is often called drama and according to the Big Indonesian Dictionary, drama is: poetic compositions or prose which are expected to describe life and character through behavior (role) or staged dialogue stories or stories, especially those involving conflict or emotion, that are specially composed for theater performances sad event. The following is an understanding of theater or drama according to experts;
Moulton: life story depicted in the form of movement. Balthazar Vallhagen: art that depicts human nature and character with movement. Ferdinand Brunetierre: a will carried out by action or motion. Anne Civardi: story told through words and movements. Budianta: a literary genre in which physical appearance shows verbally a conversation or dialogue between the characters. Art of Handayani and Wildan: a form of writing which is based on two branches of art, namely literary arts and performing arts so that the drama is divided up by him, namely drama in the form of written scripts and staged plays. So many meanings of theater art. However, the key word that can be drawn from the many definitions above: theater art is an art derived from manuscripts that are performed on stage and seen by the general public. The history of theatrical arts is estimated to have developed since 2500 years ago. Every country in the world has its own history.
However, some well-known theater arts include Roman theater art, Greek theater art, Western European theater art, Renaissance theater art, English-Elizabethan theater art, Spanish golden period theater art, Baroque-style French theater art, African theater art, art Asian theater, and Middle Eastern Islamic theater arts. In Indonesia, theater has been around for a long time and is believed to have existed since humans began interacting. Formerly, theatrical art is often associated with traditional ceremonies believed to be a form of gratitude and respect for God because they have been given the blessing of food from hunting. Each region throughout Indonesia has its own traditional theater arts. In addition to traditional ceremonies, theatrical arts are also used to summon magical powers (bearing in mind that people in ancient times still held animism and dynamism), commemorating ancestors or ancestors, and many others.
Traditional theater is interpreted as the oldest type of theater art and was born in the community, usually also still has to do with traditional or religious ceremonies. There are many types of traditional theater in Indonesia. Here are some traditional theaters that are still developing today: 1. Ketoprak Ketoprak is one of the original Javanese theater arts, precisely Surakarta, and is growing rapidly in Jogjakarta. This theater art originally used the accompaniment of a mortar (a kind of tool to pound rice) but now it is accompanied by gamelan. Usually the stories used for staging are in the form of local legend / community stories that contain moral values and can be watched for all ages. Unfortunately, nowadays, ketoprak is increasingly less in demand because of the advancement of technology. However, there is one program on television that takes the core of ketoprak theater art and turns it into contemporary theater art and is quite ranked nationally. 2. Lenong This theater art originated from Jakarta, precisely the Betawi tribe.
The lenong performance is usually accompanied by the xylophone xylophone and tells about human relationships (containing moral messages). The language used is also Betawi language. Usually this performance is comedy accompanied by subtle innuendos. At the beginning of its appearance, theatrical art was only present at each particular event and was 'ngamen ng' and the players asked the audience for voluntary payment by circling the audience. However, as the development, Lenong began to appear on the stage and began to spread to the world of television. 3. Ludruk This East Javanese original drama contains about everyday life accompanied by gamelan music and is displayed in the typical language of East Java, precisely in Surabaya. The conversation used is entertainment and jokes so that it makes the audience laugh.
Usually, ludruk begins with Remo Dance. In Central Java, there is also theater arts similar to ludruk, namely ketoprak. The thing that distinguishes the two is the story that was told. Ketoprak contains folklore or legend, while ludruk contains stories of daily life, especially among ordinary people (villages). 4. Mamanda Mamanda is a theatrical art originating from South Kalimantan and similar to Lenong, where there is a direct communication relationship between the player and the audience so that it gives the impression of 'life' but mamanda tends to be rigid by following the royal storyline. Mamanda has cultural values as entertainment and education. Theater performance is usually accompanied by typical Malay songs. Unfortunately, mamanda is increasingly being eliminated now, given the rapid technological development. In fact, not many Banjar children now know this type of theater.
5. Makyong Makyong is a blend of traditional Malay dance and theater, precisely in the Riau Islands and is very rapidly developing during the days of the Kingdom of Johor. This art combines instruments, vocals, dialogue, dance and ritual elements in it. Apart from being an offering ceremony, makyong is also used as a custom in Riau. 6. Randai Like makyong, randai is a blend of various kinds of arts namely drama, dance, song, and silat. This art comes from Minangkabau. Randai function as entertainment that contains moral lessons containing advice. The stories displayed are stories about daily life or folklore in the Minangkabau area. At the beginning of its appearance, randai was used to accompany the reading of gurindam (a kind of poem which is bound by certain rules).
7. Puppet people Theater arts this one is thick with the culture of Central Java. In Javanese also called wayang wong. This art is the same as puppets played by puppeteers in general. It's just acted by players who wear costumes like puppets so it is not a props. Puppet people were created by Sultan Hamangkurat I in 1731. This artistry combines several other elements of art such as vocal arts, music and dance. In addition, costumes are also important to note, especially when there are performances.
Theater art is one type of art in the form of drama performances that are performed on stage. Specifically, theater art is a play of art that displays human behavior with movement, dance, and singing that is presented complete with dialogue and acting of the players. The word theater is taken from the Greek word, theatron, which means the place or theater. Resuscitating live theatre attendance, the term 'theater' can be interpreted broadly and narrowly. Broadly speaking, the meaning of theater art is the whole acting scene and the role that is performed on the stage in front of many spectators. For example petals, puppets, sintren, slapstick, acrobatics. While narrowly speaking, the meaning of theater art is a scene about a person's life journey that is made in such a way that it is appropriate to be shown to the general public on the stage of the show and drained according to the script that has been made.
According to the Great Language Dictionary, theater is: the building or room where the film is shown, theatrics, and so on large room with rows of chairs to the side and back to attend lectures or for scientific demonstrations staging drama as an art or profession; drama arts; theatrical; drama Whereas theater is often called drama and according to the Big Indonesian Dictionary, drama is: poetic compositions or prose which are expected to describe life and character through behavior (role) or staged dialogue stories or stories, especially those involving conflict or emotion, that are specially composed for theater performances sad event. The following is an understanding of theater or drama according to experts;
Moulton: life story depicted in the form of movement. Balthazar Vallhagen: art that depicts human nature and character with movement. Ferdinand Brunetierre: a will carried out by action or motion. Anne Civardi: story told through words and movements. Budianta: a literary genre in which physical appearance shows verbally a conversation or dialogue between the characters. Art of Handayani and Wildan: a form of writing which is based on two branches of art, namely literary arts and performing arts so that the drama is divided up by him, namely drama in the form of written scripts and staged plays. So many meanings of theater art. However, the key word that can be drawn from the many definitions above: theater art is an art derived from manuscripts that are performed on stage and seen by the general public. The history of theatrical arts is estimated to have developed since 2500 years ago. Every country in the world has its own history.
However, some well-known theater arts include Roman theater art, Greek theater art, Western European theater art, Renaissance theater art, English-Elizabethan theater art, Spanish golden period theater art, Baroque-style French theater art, African theater art, art Asian theater, and Middle Eastern Islamic theater arts. In Indonesia, theater has been around for a long time and is believed to have existed since humans began interacting. Formerly, theatrical art is often associated with traditional ceremonies believed to be a form of gratitude and respect for God because they have been given the blessing of food from hunting. Each region throughout Indonesia has its own traditional theater arts. In addition to traditional ceremonies, theatrical arts are also used to summon magical powers (bearing in mind that people in ancient times still held animism and dynamism), commemorating ancestors or ancestors, and many others.
Traditional theater is interpreted as the oldest type of theater art and was born in the community, usually also still has to do with traditional or religious ceremonies. There are many types of traditional theater in Indonesia. Here are some traditional theaters that are still developing today: 1. Ketoprak Ketoprak is one of the original Javanese theater arts, precisely Surakarta, and is growing rapidly in Jogjakarta. This theater art originally used the accompaniment of a mortar (a kind of tool to pound rice) but now it is accompanied by gamelan. Usually the stories used for staging are in the form of local legend / community stories that contain moral values and can be watched for all ages. Unfortunately, nowadays, ketoprak is increasingly less in demand because of the advancement of technology. However, there is one program on television that takes the core of ketoprak theater art and turns it into contemporary theater art and is quite ranked nationally. 2. Lenong This theater art originated from Jakarta, precisely the Betawi tribe.
The lenong performance is usually accompanied by the xylophone xylophone and tells about human relationships (containing moral messages). The language used is also Betawi language. Usually this performance is comedy accompanied by subtle innuendos. At the beginning of its appearance, theatrical art was only present at each particular event and was 'ngamen ng' and the players asked the audience for voluntary payment by circling the audience. However, as the development, Lenong began to appear on the stage and began to spread to the world of television. 3. Ludruk This East Javanese original drama contains about everyday life accompanied by gamelan music and is displayed in the typical language of East Java, precisely in Surabaya. The conversation used is entertainment and jokes so that it makes the audience laugh.
Usually, ludruk begins with Remo Dance. In Central Java, there is also theater arts similar to ludruk, namely ketoprak. The thing that distinguishes the two is the story that was told. Ketoprak contains folklore or legend, while ludruk contains stories of daily life, especially among ordinary people (villages). 4. Mamanda Mamanda is a theatrical art originating from South Kalimantan and similar to Lenong, where there is a direct communication relationship between the player and the audience so that it gives the impression of 'life' but mamanda tends to be rigid by following the royal storyline. Mamanda has cultural values as entertainment and education. Theater performance is usually accompanied by typical Malay songs. Unfortunately, mamanda is increasingly being eliminated now, given the rapid technological development. In fact, not many Banjar children now know this type of theater.
5. Makyong Makyong is a blend of traditional Malay dance and theater, precisely in the Riau Islands and is very rapidly developing during the days of the Kingdom of Johor. This art combines instruments, vocals, dialogue, dance and ritual elements in it. Apart from being an offering ceremony, makyong is also used as a custom in Riau. 6. Randai Like makyong, randai is a blend of various kinds of arts namely drama, dance, song, and silat. This art comes from Minangkabau. Randai function as entertainment that contains moral lessons containing advice. The stories displayed are stories about daily life or folklore in the Minangkabau area. At the beginning of its appearance, randai was used to accompany the reading of gurindam (a kind of poem which is bound by certain rules).
7. Puppet people Theater arts this one is thick with the culture of Central Java. In Javanese also called wayang wong. This art is the same as puppets played by puppeteers in general. It's just acted by players who wear costumes like puppets so it is not a props. Puppet people were created by Sultan Hamangkurat I in 1731. This artistry combines several other elements of art such as vocal arts, music and dance. In addition, costumes are also important to note, especially when there are performances.
Subscribe to:
Posts (Atom)